The exclusively sensory cervical superficial plexus contains the nerves occipitalis minor, auricularis magnus, transversus colli & Nn....

The vertebrobasilar system supplies the brainstem (midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata) via beneath mentioned arteries....

The middle cerebral artery (MCA), as terminal branch of internal carotid artery, supplies brain parenchyma of primary motor and...

The anterior cerebral artery arises from the internal carotid artery and runs at the medial site of the lateral cerebral fissure. It...

The blood and therefore oxygen supply to the brain is an absolutely critical matter. Its monitoring, therapy and optimization are the...

The sensory and otoric nerve fibers of the brachial plexus are of exceptional importance in performing regional anesthesia of the arm and...

Coming from the anterior rami of the cervical spinal nerve roots (the lower four cervical nerves [C5,6,7,8] & the first toracic [Th1]),...

The nerve conduction speed of sensory/motor and vegetative fibers depends not only on their thickness, but also crucially on the degree...

Starting from the vertebral arteries, the aorta and the iliac arteries, the following 5 main supply arteries of the spinal cord arise:...

The relationship between pressure and volume within the intracranial cavity (skull) is determined by the low compliance (volumetric...

Besides determination by pressure gradients and vascular resistance, cerebral blood flow is tightly regulated by the arterial partial...

Pain is an unpleasant sensory or emotional experience associated with or similar to actual or potential tissue damage. The signal line...

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), an ultrafiltrate of plasma is produced by choroid plexuses and located within the ventricles of the brain and...

The tracts of the spinal cord can be divided into ascending and descending. The individual descending pathways each have enormous...

The tracts of the spinal cord can be divided into ascending and descending. The individual ascending pathways each have enormous...

Art.Nr.: 227-N-PA-18 The assignment of spinal segments and dermatomes and their corresponding key muscles is a clinically very frequently...

Art.Nr.: 228-N-PA-19 Knowledge of spinal pathways is essential for the examination, treatment and assessment of spinal cord damage...

Art.Nr.: 226-N-PA-17 Here is our overview of the structure, effector organs, drug influencebility, connectivity, structures and derived...

Art.Nr.: 225-N-PA-16 The medulla oblongata contains important neuronal centers for controlling blood circulation and breathing, as well...