Ultrasound has become an integral part of clinical practice. For many representations of (patho-)physiological processes, a basic...

Pressure is force per area! This principle, which is repeated in medicine, is the driving force behind the convective transport of...

The driving force for the transport of substances over short distances (cellular) in medicine is diffusion. According to the...

Density plays a crucial role in pharmacology and physiology. The description of the amount of particles per space is the basis of various...

In medicine, osmosis is the directed flow of particles through a selective or semi-permeable separating layer. Osmosis is often described...

Flow means a steady movement of a liquid, gas or electricity (in terms of membrane potentials) steadily and continuously in a current or...

Starting from the vertebral arteries, the aorta and the iliac arteries, the following 5 main supply arteries of the spinal cord arise:...

The relationship between pressure and volume within the intracranial cavity (skull) is determined by the low compliance (volumetric...

Besides determination by pressure gradients and vascular resistance, cerebral blood flow is tightly regulated by the arterial partial...

Pain is an unpleasant sensory or emotional experience associated with or similar to actual or potential tissue damage. The signal line...

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), an ultrafiltrate of plasma is produced by choroid plexuses and located within the ventricles of the brain and...

The tracts of the spinal cord can be divided into ascending and descending. The individual descending pathways each have enormous...

The tracts of the spinal cord can be divided into ascending and descending. The individual ascending pathways each have enormous...

Art.Nr.: 227-N-PA-18 The assignment of spinal segments and dermatomes and their corresponding key muscles is a clinically very frequently...

Art.Nr.: 228-N-PA-19 Knowledge of spinal pathways is essential for the examination, treatment and assessment of spinal cord damage...

Art.Nr.: 226-N-PA-17 Here is our overview of the structure, effector organs, drug influencebility, connectivity, structures and derived...

Art.Nr.: 225-N-PA-16 The medulla oblongata contains important neuronal centers for controlling blood circulation and breathing, as well...

Art.Nr.: 224-N-PA-15 The pons is a switching point of your brainstem, linking brain & spinal cord. Its functions include: unconscious...

Art.Nr.: 223-N-PA-14 The midbrain is responsible, among other things, for controlling motor coordination. It also plays an important role...

Art.Nr.: 222-N-PA-13 The pituitary gland is the central site of formation and release of many endocrinological regulatory hormones. In...

Art.Nr.: 221-N-PA-12 The homeostasis of vital functions such as body temperature, serum osmolarity, eating behavior, sleep, blood...

Art.Nr.: 220-N-PA-11 The limbic system naturally plays an extremely important role as the central switching point for triggering...

Art.Nr.: 219-N-PA-10 The occipital lobe is responsible for processing and storing visual information (among other things). Defects in the...

Art.Nr.: 216-N-PA-7 Here is an overview slide of important functions of the frontal lobe, which show corresponding characteristics in the...